Fungal Nails

Fungal nails – medically known as onychomycosis – are more common than you might think. And yes, they can be frustrating. If you’re dealing with thick, discoloured or crumbly toenails, there’s a chance it’s caused by a fungal nail infection. At Advance Foot Clinic, we’re here to make things clearer – and healthier – one toenail at a time.

Podiatrist holding a toenail with a fungal infection Fungal Nails

How Do Fungal Nail Infections Start?

Fungus loves a warm, damp environment – think moist shoes, public showers or swimming pools. A small nail injury, exposure to tinea pedis (that’s athlete’s foot) or sharing nail clippers at a nail salon can give the fungus the opening it needs to settle into the nail bed.

Some common causes:

  • Tinea pedis (commonly called athlete’s foot)
  • Damp socks and tight, enclosed shoes
  • Walking barefoot in public areas
  • Unsterilised nail tools
  • A weakened immune system or certain health conditions (like liver disease)

Fungi thrive in moist environments, and once they take hold, they can be stubborn to get rid of without proper care.

What Does a Fungal Nail Look Like?

Symptoms to keep an eye out for include:

  • Yellow, white, green or brown discolouration
  • Thickened or brittle texture
  • Crumbling at the edges or lifting of the nail
  • An unusual smell 

There are also different types of fungal nail infections, such as:

  • Superficial white onychomycosis – chalky white pitting on top
  • Distal onychomycosis – discoloration and infection spreading from the end of the nail backdown towards the growth plate of the nail
  • Proximal onychomycosis – infection has reached or is starting from the base of the nail (where it grows from)
  • Total dystrophic/complete onychomycosis – the whole nail is affected

Sometimes, the infection spreads to other toenails or the surrounding skin, causing more issues. In severe cases, it may lead to permanent damage to the nail plate or require medical removal of the infected nail.

Podiatrist Angela Holland doing a Lunula laser treatment on a patient with fungal toenails

Who’s More Likely to Get Fungal Nails?

Fungal nail infections don’t discriminate, but certain people are more at risk:

  • People with sweaty feet or tight-fitting shoes
  • Those with a weakened immune system
  • Regular visitors to communal spaces like gyms or pools
  • Older adults (thanks to slower-growing nails)
  • Anyone with existing skin conditions or health conditions like diabetes

Even people who are very active or frequently wear shoes for extended periods can be more susceptible.

Tips to Prevent Fungal Nail Infections

Good habits go a long way. To help prevent fungal nail infections:

  • Dry your feet well after showering – even between the toes
  • Choose breathable footwear and change your clean cotton socks daily
  • Trial bamboo and silver/antibacterial socks
  • Use your own nail clippers and keep them sanitised
  • Avoid nail polish if you suspect an infection
  • Alternate your shoes and let them dry out between wears. Leave shoes in the sun to dry and disinfect (UV rays can kill fungus)
  • Keep your feet and other nails clean – check them regularly
  • Avoid sharing towels, socks or shoes
  • Use antifungal sprays or powders if you’re prone to athlete’s foot
  • Wash your socks in antifungal landry liquid e.g. canestan wash
Image of inflamed ingrown toenail looking red and sore

Fungal Nail Treatment Options

No matter how long you’ve had fungal nails, there’s help. Your podiatrist will guide you through the best approach for your situation. Options include:

1. Topical Treatments

  • Antifungal lacquers or tinctures applied directly to the affected nail
  • Great for mild to moderate cases (not suitable for proximal onychomycosis or complete/total dystrophic onychomycosis)
  • Works best when the nail plate is filed first for deeper penetration

2. Oral Medications

  • Prescription oral antifungal medications or antifungal tablets. Must see your GP for a prescription.
  • Useful when multiple toenails are infected or conservative options haven’t worked
  • Your doctor will discuss any risks (like liver disease or drug interactions)

3. Laser Treatment

  • A gentle, non-invasive laser treatment that targets fungus in the deeper layers of the nail
  • A solid option if you’d rather skip pills or if topical options aren’t cutting it
  • Typically requires several sessions for optimal results. Suitable for all types of nail infection. For the best chance of recovery, combine laser therapy with laser treatment
Close up of podiatrist holding ingrown toenail, about to treat it

Diagnosis: What to Expect

Fungal nail diagnosis starts with a visit to your podiatrist. We’ll do a physical examination, chat through your nail history, and potentially take a sample (nail clippings) to confirm what we’re dealing with.

This step helps us distinguish fungal infections from other types of nail infections, such as a bacterial infection, and tailor the effective treatment to you.

Aftercare & Keeping Nails Healthy

Getting rid of nail fungus is step one. Keeping it away is step two. Here’s how:

  • Toss out old shoes that might carry lingering spores
  • Avoid applying nail polish until the nail is clear and then only use for special events (fungus likes the dark shade under the polish!)
  • Don’t share towels, socks or clippers
  • Maintain healthy nail care routines
  • Check your feet regularly for changes
  • Let your feet breathe at home – take off sweaty socks and shoes
  • Consider using antifungal sprays preventatively, especially if you’ve had multiple toenail infections before

With time and the right approach, your new nail can grow back clear and strong. And yes, you can feel good showing off your toes again.

Podiatrist holding a toenail with a fungal infection Fungal Nails

Frequently Asked Questions About Fungal Nails

The fastest approach depends on the severity. For stubborn or widespread infections, oral medications or laser treatment often work best. Mild cases may respond well to consistent topical treatments. Your podiatrist is best placed to recommend the best fungal nail treatment for your situation.

Some people try home remedies like vinegar soaks or tea tree oil, but their success is mixed. It’s best to speak with a podiatrist first so you don’t waste time – or make it worse.

Yes, fungal nail infections can be contagious. That’s why avoiding shared nail tools and being cautious in communal spaces is so important.

It can, especially if you don’t follow good foot hygiene. That’s why we emphasise foot care, proper shoe rotation and ongoing monitoring after treatment.

Yes, though it’s less common. Children with tinea pedis or who spend time in locker rooms or swimming pools may still be at risk.

Not usually. In severe cases, nail removal may be necessary, but most people recover with less invasive treatments.

Take the First Step Toward Happy and Healthy Feet

If you’ve been hiding your toenails, now’s the time to take action. Whether it’s your first infection or a recurring issue, our friendly podiatry team is here to help.

Book your appointment online or call 1300 76 33 66 today to experience our expert podiatry services at any of our five clinic locations.